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HYMENOPTERA, Bethyloidea = Chrysidoidea There is
a lot of variability within this superfamily. Only members of the Bethylidae (bethylids) and Dryinidae (dryinids)
are common in temperate climates Their biology varies considerably. Bethylids prefer to parasitize the larvae
of concealed insects. Most bethylids
are tiny, agile wasps, often apterous, and usually with a long and relatively
highly flattened body and slender head.
All known dryinids are parasites of leafhoppers. The organization of their body is nodular
and the claws of the foretarsi of the female are large and complex, a
significant adaptation for grasping leafhopper nymphs during oviposition. Species of the Embolemidae (embolemids)
are rarely found and are probably closer to dryinids than to any other family
of bethyloid wasps. In addition to
the foregoing families of Bethyloidea, sclerogibbids (family Sclerogibbidae),
parasites of the larvae of web spinners, are also found in the Central Asian
part of Russia (Medvedev 1978/1987), This
superfamily is included in the stinging Apocrita Aculeata. Families are the Bethylidae, Chrysididae,
Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae. Some specialists have considered these wasps in the
Proctotrupoidea. There are many
parasitic species known. Families
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = References: Please refer
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